Disruption from Covid-19 pandemic, business resilience impacts, and rapid technological development have prompted a wave of fake drugs entering various pharmaceutical supply chain phases. Drug shortages are also prevalent in today’s sector due to manufacturing problems, quality issues, delays, and discontinuations, the US Food and Drug Administration reported. With accessibility compromised, a fragile and disrupted pharma landscape poses further threats to emerging counterfeit medications’ potential impact on patient health and safety. Enhanced supplier connectivity, real-time traceability,