UN Human Rights Council: violations and crimes under international law committed in the protests sparked by the death of Jina Mahsa Amini in September 2022 include extra-judicial and unlawful killings and murder, unnecessary and disproportionate use of force, arbitrary deprivation of liberty, torture, rape, enforced disappearances and gender persecution. Credible figures suggest as many as 551 protesters were killed by the security forces, among them at least 49 women and 68 children.