Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 marked the start of what should be termed – in view of the unprecedented scale and sophistication of cyber operations. Ukraine showcased to the international community not only the critical importance of robust cyber defenses but also the complexity involved in their implementation. The following day, Russia escalated its cyber war, conducting a significant cyberattack that affected various Ukrainian government institutions and resulted in dozens of government websites being controlled by hackers.