Chuck Schumer, Democrat of New York and majority leader, delivered a pointed speech on the Senate floor excoriating Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel as a major obstacle to peace in the Middle East. Many Democratic lawmakers have condemned Mr. Netanyahu’s leadership and his right-wing governing coalition, and President Biden has even criticized the Israeli military’s offensive in Gaza as “over the top” Mr. Schumer’s speech amounted to the sharpest critique yet from a senior American elected official effectively urging Israeli