Earth Explorers: from science to applications 16 views 0 likes Earth observation satellites may be developed to advance scientific understanding of our changing planet. However, measuring different aspects of Earth for science and monitoring for practical operational purposes are inextricably linked, and both are needed. As result of the growing need for new types of observations, the distinction between research and operational satellites has become blurred. The success of these pioneering missions added to the impetus to expand ESA’s Earth Observation Programmes.