In late 2023 the United States government released its Fifth National Climate Assessment (NCA) The NCA contends with two truths that are increasingly being reckoned with in U.S. popular and academic conversations. The first is that climate change has the potential to exacerbate health, social and economic outcomes for Black, Indigenous, people of colour (BIPOC) and low-income communities. the second is that social systems and institutions — including governmental, cultural, spiritual and economic structures — are the only places where adaptation and