A Graphite Pure 2900 9B pencil was crushed in a mortar and pestle. A mass of 2.5 g of Fairy Max Power Washing Up Liquid was then mixed with 1 L of tap water. 300 mL of the soap mixture was then added to a Tefal Blendforce II Blender (Plastic Jug, 600 W, 1.5 L) The blender was then turned on to the first (#1) setting for 1-minute on, 1 minute off intervals to reduce motor heating effects